

Pandipalpus viatoris
Pandipalpus viatoris, often known as the Cave-clawed Scorpion, is a large African scorpion from parts of eastern and south-central Africa. Formerly placed in Pandinus and later Pandinurus, it is now recognised within the genus Pandipalpus. Noted for its reddish claws, heavy granulation and rare availability in the hobby, it is a notable species among large African forest scorpions.
HABITAT
🌍 Geographic Range:
Eastern & south-central Africa
This species is recorded from parts of Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and the southern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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🏡 Microhabitat Preferences:
Humid ground layer / burrows / natural retreats
Pandipalpus viatoris is best treated as a humid, terrestrial to fossorial scorpion. In nature, it is associated with mesic savanna and woodland-type habitats, including areas such as Miombo woodland, low rocky outcrops and moist ground environments. It is likely to use burrows, soil cavities, rock crevices, root systems and sheltered retreats where humidity is more stable. A burrowing study recorded P. viatoris producing large, branching burrow systems, supporting the idea that this species is strongly adapted to retreat-based, moisture-retaining microhabitats rather than dry open ground.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
📏Size:
Up to around 14–15cm
A large African scorpion, with adults developing a broad, heavy-bodied appearance. Mature specimens are noticeably larger and more imposing than many smaller forest scorpions, making this species one of the more impressive members of the African scorpionid group.
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🎨Coloration:
Dark brown to black, with reddish-brown claws
This species typically has a dark body with contrasting reddish to reddish-brown chelae/claws, which are one of its most recognisable features in the hobby. The body, tail and claws can show heavy granulation, giving the scorpion a rough, textured appearance rather than a smooth glossy look. Legs may appear dark brown to reddish-brown depending on age, lighting and individual variation.
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CAPTIVE CARE
📏 Enclosure Size:
A single adult should be kept in a larger floor-space focused enclosure, ideally around 30 × 30 × 30 cm or larger.
Provide a secure hide, bark or deep retreats, with enough room for the scorpion to move and dig. Scientific records show the species using ground-level habitats and burrow systems, so the enclosure should prioritise floor space, retreat security and diggable substrate rather than height.
🌡️ Temperature:
Keep at 24–28°C. This species occurs in eastern and south-central Africa, including areas such as Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, so it should be treated as a warm, tropical to subtropical African scorpion rather than a cool-climate species. Avoid prolonged cold conditions, but also avoid extreme dry heat. A stable warm gradient is better than keeping the whole enclosure hot.
💧 Humidity:
Keep humidity around 70–80%, with good airflow. This recommendation is inferred from its recorded mesic savanna / Miombo woodland habitat, collection after rain on a warm humid night, and its association with burrows in clayey to sandy-clay soils. It should not be kept bone dry like an arid species. The substrate should hold moisture below the surface while still allowing some ventilation to prevent stagnant, mouldy conditions.
🌱 Substrate:
Use a deep, firm, moisture-retentive substrate, ideally 10–15 cm or more for adults. A good mix would be topsoil, coco fibre, sand and some clay/loam so it can hold shape for burrowing. Scientific habitat notes mention coarse sandy-loam soils, and other summaries refer to burrows in clayey to sandy-clay soils beneath bushes, shrubs or ground cover. This supports using a substrate that is firm and slightly damp underneath, not loose, dry fibre that collapses easily.
⏰ Feeding Schedule:
Feed adults about every 10–14 days with small live prey such as
Crickets or Roaches
Occasional mealworm
Juveniles can be fed once per week on smaller prey. Remove uneaten food within 24 h. Adults may fast for weeks, especially before moulting or in cooler seasons, this is normal if they appear otherwise healthy.
VENOM
💉Pandipalpus viatoris is not considered a medically significant scorpion, but its sting should still be treated with respect. Like many large Scorpionidae, it is generally expected to have a mild to moderate venom effect, causing local pain, swelling or irritation rather than serious systemic symptoms in healthy adults.
There does not appear to be strong species-specific venom research for P. viatoris, so it should not be described as “harmless”. Handle with care and avoid unnecessary contact.
STATS
LATIN NAME:
• Pandipalpus viatoris
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COMMON NAME:
• Cave-clawed Scorpion
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TEMPERATURE
• 24°- 28°
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TEMPERAMENT:
• Highly Defensive
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HUMIDITY:
• 70%
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COMMUNAL:
• 1/5 — Solitary
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SIZE:
• Up to 15cm
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ECOLOGY:
• Terrestrial/Fossorial
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SUBSTRATE:
• Top soil/Coco fibre mix
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ORIGIN:
•Eastern & south-central Africa
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FACTS
• Pandipalpus viatoris has had a messy taxonomic history, being moved from Scorpio to Pandinus, then Pandinurus, and now Pandipalpus. That makes it a good example of how African “giant forest scorpions” have been revised heavily in recent years.
• It is not the same as Pandinoides cavimanus, even though the two can be confused in the hobby due to their large African build and older Pandinus-style naming.
TAXONOMY
Scientific name: Pandipalpus viatoris (Pocock, 1890)
Common name: Often sold as the Cave-clawed Scorpion or Cave Claw Scorpion, though this is a hobby/trade name rather than a formal taxonomic name.
Classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Scorpiones
Infraorder: Orthosterni
Family: Scorpionidae
Genus: Pandipalpus Rossi, 2015
Species: Pandipalpus viatoris (Pocock, 1890)
Authority: Pocock, 1890
Original combination: Scorpio viatoris Pocock, 1890
Current valid combination: Pandipalpus viatoris (Pocock, 1890)
Naming history
This species was originally described as Scorpio viatoris by Pocock in 1890. It was later placed in Pandinus, then treated under Pandinurus (Pandipalpus), before Pandipalpus was elevated to genus rank by Prendini & Loria in 2020, producing the current combination Pandipalpus viatoris.
Synonyms / previous names
The following names have been treated as synonyms or previous combinations of P. viatoris:
Scorpio viatoris Pocock, 1890
Pandinus viatoris (Pocock, 1890)
Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) viatoris (Pocock, 1890)
Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) bartolozii Rossi, 2015
Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) flagellicauda Rossi, 2015
Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) lorenzoi Rossi, 2015
Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) pantinii Rossi, 2015
Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) pygmaeus Rossi, 2015
Pandinus lowei Kovařík, 2012 / Pandipalpus lowei has also been synonymised with P. viatoris in the 2020 revision


